Every manufacturer shipping electronics across borders eventually bumps into the same dilemma: Which HS Code applies to my PCB assembly? It sounds like a small detail, but it can make or break customs clearance, alter duty rates, and even trigger compliance audits. I remember working with a client who lost an entire week of production because customs flagged their shipment for using the wrong HTS subheading; a simple classification oversight ballooned into both cost and delay. That incident still shapes the way I look at global trade compliance today.

This guide breaks down the HS Code for PCB assembly, the logic behind classification, and the nuances everyone—OEMs, electronics manufacturers, and supply-chain managers – needs to understand when shipping PCBA across borders. By the end of this article, you’ll walk away with confidence, practical frameworks, and zero guesswork.

Understanding the HS Code for PCB Assembly

What the HS Code System Actually Is

The Harmonized System (HS) is a universal language used by more than 200 countries to classify traded goods. It’s governed by the World Customs Organization (WCO) to streamline customs reporting, tariff calculation, and trade statistics.

Every HS Code has:

  • Six digits recognized globally
  • Additional digits added by countries (e.g., U.S. adds four more for HTS)
  • Subheadings based on product features, completeness, and intended use

For electronics, these codes exist under Chapter 85, which covers electrical machinery.

The Core HS Code for PCB Assembly

PCB assemblies (PCBA) fall under:

HS Code 8534.00 — Printed Circuits

But here’s the nuance:
This specific subheading only covers bare PCBs, not assembled boards.

When electronic components are mounted using SMT or through-hole processes, the product becomes an assembled electronic board, shifting classification.

The correct classification for PCB assemblies is:

HS Code 8537.10 or 8537.20

Depending on whether the assembly:

  • contains switching/controlling functions,
  • forms a control panel, or
  • is part of a machine or system.

Another relevant category:

HS Code 8543.70 — Other Electronic Assemblies

Used for specialized or non-defined electronic modules.

Important:
There is no single universal HS Code for PCB assembly because classification depends on:

  • Level of assembly
  • Function of the board
  • End-use application
  • Completeness of the device

This is why compliance errors happen so often.

How HS Code Classification Works for PCB Assemblies

Functional Determination (Most Common Classification Approach)

Customs authorities classify assemblies based on the function the PCBA performs.

PCBA TypeTypical ClassificationNotes
Bare PCB8534.00No components mounted
Fully assembled PCB8537.x or 8543.70Depends on intended use
Power supply boards8504.xIf they operate as standalone power units
RF modules8517.xTelecommunications-related
Control boards8537.10Industrial controls likely fall here
Medical module assembliesVariesRequires device-based classification

Why HS Classification Isn’t Always Straightforward

Three recurring challenges:

  1. PCBA rarely functions alone
    It’s often part of a larger device, which complicates classification.
  2. Variations across countries
    While the 6-digit system is universal, the additional digits differ.
  3. Customs officers apply “essential character” rules
    If your board is clearly meant for a telecom device, it will be classified under telecom – even if it’s shipped separately.

How to Determine the Correct HS Code (Step-by-Step)

Here’s the compliance workflow that global manufacturers use:

Step 1 — Identify the Board’s Primary Function

Ask: What does this assembly actually do?
Does it control, power, signal, or communicate?

Step 2 — Check Whether It’s Part of a Larger Device

If the PCBA is designed exclusively for a certain product (medical equipment, automotive ECU, telecom device), customs may classify it under the device’s HS code.

Step 3 — Review the Level of Integration

  • Semi-assembled board → Sometimes treated as a component
  • Fully assembled board → Classified by functionality

Step 4 — Align With Your Country’s Tariff Schedule

Examples:

  • U.S.: Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTSUS)
  • EU: TARIC codes
  • India: Customs Tariff Schedule

Step 5 — Document Materials, Functions & Specs

Customs may request:

  • Schematics
  • BOM (Bill of Materials)
  • Manufacturer’s datasheets
  • End-use declarations

Step 6 — Confirm Using Binding Rulings

Many customs authorities offer Binding Tariff Rulings that legally validate classification.

HS Code for PCB Assembly vs Bare PCB vs Electronic Components

A frequent misconception is that PCB, PCBA, and electronic components share the same HS Code. They don’t.

Let’s clear that up.

Bare PCB (HS 8534.00)

A blank printed circuit board without any soldered components.

PCB Assembly (PCBA)

Not covered by 8534 since it includes:

  • Microchips
  • Resistors
  • ICs
  • Capacitors
  • Connectors
  • Solder mask and finishing

These elevate it into categories 8537 or 8543.

Electronic Components (Various Codes)

Individual components (ICs, resistors, LEDs, connectors) fall under entirely different chapters.

This is why misclassification is a top cause of customs delays for electronics manufacturing.

Trade Compliance Requirements for PCB Assembly

Import Duties and Tariffs

Duty rates vary by:

  • Country of origin
  • Trade agreements
  • Level of assembly
  • End-use application

PCBA often carries higher tariffs than bare PCBs because it represents higher value and complexity.

Documentation Required for PCB Assembly Shipments

Typical requirements:

  • Commercial invoice
  • Packing list
  • HS code declaration
  • Country of origin certificate
  • Technical description
  • Bill of Materials (if requested)
  • ECCN (if applicable for dual-use electronics)
  • Compliance certificates (CE, UL, RoHS, ISO, etc.)

Common Misclassification Errors to Avoid

  1. Using 8534.00 for assembled boards
  2. Treating complex PCBA as “other electronics” without proper breakdown
  3. Assuming all assemblies fall under the same subheading
  4. Not aligning HS Code with end-use device
  5. Omitting functional descriptions in customs paperwork
  6. Copying supplier classifications without verifying

I’ve seen companies lose huge amounts of money because a freight forwarder “guessed” a code and declared it incorrectly.

HS Code for PCB Assembly – Regional Differences (U.S., EU, India)

United States (HTSUS)

Uses 10-digit codes.

Example:

  • 8537.10.90.40 — Boards for controlling machines
  • 8543.70.99.01 — Other electronic assemblies

European Union (TARIC)

Uses 10-digit TARIC subheadings.

India (Customs Tariff)

Adopts HS structure with detailed tariff rates, especially for electronics imports.

Manufacturers shipping to multiple regions should maintain a multi-jurisdiction HS matrix internally.

HS Code vs ECCN for PCB Assembly

Many confuse HS Codes with ECCN.

HS Code

  • Used for customs
  • Determines tariffs
  • Universal classification

ECCN

  • U.S. export control category
  • Managed by the BIS (Bureau of Industry & Security)
  • Applies mainly to dual-use and military tech

Some PCBA used in aerospace, RF systems, or cryptographic modules require ECCN classification in addition to HS Codes.

Practical Examples of HS Codes for PCB Assemblies

Example 1 — Industrial Control Board

  • Function: controls motors and relays
  • Classification: 8537.10

Example 2 — Telecom RF Module

  • Function: wireless communication
  • Classification: 8517.70

Example 3 — Medical Sensor Board

  • Function: integrated into medical equipment
  • Classification: may follow the end device’s category

Example 4 — LED Driver Assembly

  • Function: power regulation
  • Classification: 8504.xx

Example 5 — Automotive ECU Board

  • Function: engine control
  • Classification: device-specific, often under automotive systems

Best Practices to Ensure Proper HS Code Assignment

  • Maintain a classification database for all assemblies.
  • Request Binding Tariff Rulings where available.
  • Keep technical documentation updated.
  • Follow WCO Explanatory Notes.
  • Include functional description in invoices.
  • Educate procurement and logistics teams.
  • Review tariff updates annually.

FAQs

1. What is the HS Code for PCB Assembly?

There is no single universal code; PCBA is generally classified under 8537.x or 8543.70, depending on function.

2. Is 8534 the correct HS Code for PCBA?

No. 8534.00 only covers bare PCBs, not assembled boards.

3. Why does PCBA classification vary by country?

Countries add extra digits beyond the WCO’s 6-digit system, creating regional variations.

4. How do I determine the correct HS Code for my board?

Identify its function, level of assembly, end-use application, and review your country’s tariff schedule.

5. Are PCB assemblies subject to higher duties?

Often yes, because they represent greater value and complexity.

6. Can I use the same HS Code for every shipment?

Only if the assembly and function remain unchanged.

7. Do I need ECCN for PCB Assembly?

Only for dual-use or controlled technology, especially in aerospace, RF, and encryption applications.

Conclusion

The HS Code for PCB assembly determines more than just paperwork – it impacts tariffs, transit time, and compliance exposure. Understanding how customs classifies assemblies by function, integration level, and end-use allows manufacturers to prevent delays, avoid penalties, and manage cost structures strategically. The sooner your organization builds internal discipline around classification, the smoother your global logistics flow will be.

If you’re navigating complex PCB assembly classifications or want guidance for your specific product line, feel free to reach out. Your compliance success hinges on clarity, and the right HS Code is the foundation.

At Anzer, we provide top-notch PCB assembly services in the Ohio, USA. Our state-of-the-art facilities and experienced team ensure the highest quality and reliability for your printed circuit board assembly needs. Anzer is committed to delivering exceptional electronic assembly services that meet our client’s diverse needs. From initial design and prototyping to full-scale production, we ensure every process step is executed with the highest quality and precision.

We also specialize in aerospace electronics assembly, offering mission-critical solutions that meet the rigorous standards of the aerospace industry.