PCB V-scoring, also known as V-groove scoring or simply V-scoring, is a technique used in manufacturing printed circuit boards (PCBs) to facilitate the separation of individual PCBs from a larger panel after they have been assembled and soldered. It involves creating V-shaped grooves or cuts on the surface of the PCB panel, allowing for easy and precise separation of the individual boards.

Here’s how the V-scoring process typically works:

  1. Panelization: Multiple PCBs are usually fabricated on a single large panel to maximize efficiency during manufacturing. These PCBs are interconnected with small tabs of uncut material, making up a panel.
  2. V-Groove Routing: V-shaped grooves are routed or scored into the surface of the PCB panel. These grooves are typically cut partially through the panel but not all through, ensuring that the individual PCBs remain attached by thin tabs of uncut material. The typical thickness of the PCB board remaining at the “V” is 1/3 of the board thickness. So, if a board is 0.063 inches (1.57 mm) thick, the V-Score would have a depth of 0.021 inches (0.523 mm) on either side.
  3. Assembly: The components, including multiple PCBs, are placed and soldered onto the panel.
  4. Separation: After the components have been soldered, the individual PCBs are separated from the panel by breaking or snapping along the V-groove lines. This separation process is typically done manually or using automated equipment designed for this purpose.

V-scoring offers several advantages in PCB manufacturing:

  1. Efficiency: It allows for the efficient production of multiple PCBs on a single panel, reducing manufacturing costs and increasing throughput.
  2. Space Savings: Since the individual PCBs are closely packed on a single panel, it minimizes wasted space and material.
  3. Precision: V-scoring provides a clean and precise method of separating PCBs, ensuring that the boards’ edges remain intact and free from damage.
  4. Reduced Stress: PCB V-scoring can minimize stress on printed circuit boards during separation compared to other methods like tab-routing or breakaway tabs (Mouse Bites).

However, PCB V-scoring does have some limitations. It may not be suitable for all PCB designs, especially those with sensitive components near the edges, as the separation process can generate some mechanical stress. Additionally, not all bared board manufacturers offer PCB V-scoring as a standard option, so it’s essential to discuss your specific requirements with your manufacturer to determine if PCB V-scoring is viable for your project.

Additionally, you might like to understand the PCB assembly process during your investigation of electronics manufacturers. You can read our 10-page article: ANZERs to Understanding Printed Circuit Board Assembly.